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Item Report on affairs in the Department of the Pacific, 1954(previously unpublished, 1854-09-16) Wool, John G.Major General John Wool reports on the establishment of Fort Tejon, Indian difficulties near Whidby's Island, change of headquarters to Benecia, growing settlement on Bellingham Bay, an attack on emigrants, and the dispatch of Major Haller with volunteer troops.Item Diary of Armeda Jane Parker.(UNKNOWN, 1878-04-28) Carter, Alice Armeda Parker; Parker, Armeda Jane2 - Belvidier. Stopping over here our mule was so lame. It rained some and blew our tent almost over today. We had to abandon it and all got a bath. There are two families who just drove into town and intended to go to Oregon. We will have company. The little girls have to go to bed early as it is so windy that our oil stove doesn't warm our tent much but we manage with it, to keep enough food cooked to satisfy us. Belvedier is situated on the Sandy which is a fine stream of soft water."Item The 'Dreamers of the Columbia River Valley, in Washington Territory.(UNKNOWN, 1886-01-19) MacMurray, J. W., Major"Many of the Yakimas, who are a congeries of tribes or people nearly allied in language, and quite so in customs and habits (and in religious fancies, as a rule), are quite civilzed, and are professed Christians. Many live in neat looking frame houses, have large fields, orchards and gardens, cattle and horses, pigs, goats and sheep. The majority however, do not live in civilized houses; but keep to the old Indian style of architecture, a large frame-work of posts and poles, covered with a rush matting, which they are skilled in making, although they often have fields, and barns, and excellent orchards."Item Smohalla, the Prophet of Priest Rapids.(UNKNOWN, 1891) Huggins, E. L."An Indian named Smohalla, living on the Columbia, and revered by his people as a seer and prophet, has for at least ten years been quietly preaching doctrines similar to those that have caused so much excitement among the Sioux. These doctrines never formulated into a written creed, and passing at second and third hand to distant reservations, have assumed various different phases, all agreeing, however, in two points. First, that all Indians ought at once to return to the observance of their ancient rites and religious dances, and abandon all efforts at civilization. Second, that some wonderful supernatural interference in behalf of those Indians who adhere to their ancestral practices is close at hand. This supernatural aid will be sudden and irresistible, and will destroy the white man, or reduce him to a condition of inferiority."Item California Civilization.(UNKNOWN, 1902-08-12) Bailey, H. C.; Latta, Frank F."Never has such quantities of gold been acquired with so little knowledge and exertion. While a true statement of the yield of the mines was almost marvelous enough, fiction was added to complete the job. The whole world was agog and the great difficulties of getting here seemed only to accentuate the desire and determination to come."Item Politics in the Early Sixties.(UNKNOWN, 1902-09-20) Bailey, H. C.; Latta, Frank F."The presidential election of 1860 found three tickets in the field and politics in a general muddle. For years there had been two wings in the democratic party. The northern under the leadership of Broderic, a brave able and uncompromising leader (killed in a duel by Judge Terry); the southern wing lead by Terry and Senator Quinn (made a duke under Maxamillion in Mexico during his occupancy). When the Charleston connection split and the anit-slavery element nominated Douglas, he was endorsed by the antis and Breckenridge by the pro slavery wing. The result was a three cornered fight, well seasoned with enthusiasm. Abolitionism was not popular in California and all claiming to be republicans were classed as such."Item Oblate Order in the Yakima Valley, 1847 - 1856.(UNPUBLISHED, 1905) Cameron, FrankA summary of the history and contributions of OMI missionaries during the territorial period of Washington State history.Item Reflection East Hollywood.(UNKNOWN, 1910-01-26) Bailey, H. C.; Latta, Frank F."In writing along this line, I use the pronoun we to induce two. If ever two souls struggled toward one common point disregarding all else allowing nothing to intervene or for a moment from that point toward which all the pent up energies of two souls were striving. What a single individual can accomplish when the whole life and energies of soul are concentrated on that one object who can tell. When two are equally determined and united, so much the greater results may be expected."Item Smat-Lowit's Story of the Yakima War: 1855.(UNKNOWN, 1912-01) Mann, Louis"I will tell you my story of the Yakima war; which started in the Selah. ( ) Selah is an Indian name and applies to the spot along the rail road crossing above the Selah Cap. I do not know its meaning. At this time, I, Smat-louit; chiefs' Toyayas, Owhi and Kamiakun, were stopping in the Moxee, across the river from North Yakima, and towards the upper hills. Owhi's son Qalchin was away off in the mountains, between now Fort Simcoe and Goldendale. He was watching the trail for government soldiers who were reported coming. He saw them, a whole bunch of them armed with guns and coming on horses."Item Diary of Armeda Jane Parker (part 2).(UNKNOWN, 1918) Parker, Armeda Jane; Parker, Alice Armeda Parker"16 - Waiting over for those folks who have the sick boy. Nearly all of the wagons went on early this morning, eager to reach Kelton to cross with a train there which is waiting for more wagons. We may be left to go alone on account of it. There is considerable excitement over the Indian trouble; hope we will get through to Kelton to go with the train and get through safely."Item Diary of Armeda Jane Parker (part 3).(UNKNOWN, 1918) Parker, Alice Armeda Parker; Parker, Armeda Jane"26 - On our road at 6 this morning. Very warm too. Some mules are behind and the man has not caught us yet. Nine wagons are waiting; that cuts our train down. Noon. The teams came up with others, making forty wagons. No Indians as yet in the Valley. Some sage but considerable grass. Stock fed well on it. Butter 30 (cents), milk 5 (cents) per quart. Weat $1.20 per hundred, potatoes 2 (cents) per lb., hay $1.00 per cwt. This is the best looking valley we have seen in Idaho. Looking across the Payette Creek. Falk & Bros. have a store in this valley. We now number forty-four wagons and one hundred seventy-three people."Item A Short Biography & Diary of Myron Robert Brown (part 2).(UNKNOWN, 1921) Brown, Arthur W."Monday 16 Went up the river to the mouth of the Atanum (Ahtanum). Crossed and went down to Parkers and crossed back. Bought some berries of an Indian. Tuesday 17 Helped raise a house for Battees Harris. Took dinner with me. Spent the afternoon washing and reading. Wednesday 18 Went below in the morning, gathered some frulu (pulu) for a pillow. Bought a dog. Commenced mending my boots, perplexing work."Item A Short Biography & Diary of Myron Robert Brown (part 4).(unpublished typescript, 1921) Brown, Robert W."Thursday 3 Gathered without trouble, found an stray which I drove back. We traveled about 14 miles and camped in Kitatache valley. I shod a horse in the vening. During last night we had a heavy thunder storm and it has remained cool and windy all day with prospect of more rain. Friday 4 Gathered the cattle in a few minutes and started into the mountains after reaching the summit our road gave out and we traveled through the woods about five miles and camped on a small creek with splendid grass. Day cool and pleasant. (Head of Tarpiskin). Saturday 5 This is my birthday and I am in a fine place for celebrating it. After hunting considerable for the cattle and road we started Columbia bound and after a hard day's drive arrived near the river and camped on a small creek very tired. (Clockum Creek)."Item A Short Biography & Diary of Myron Robert Brown.(unpublished, 1921) Brown, Arthur W."Friday 8 Made stone fence on the hill. Went over the river in the boat. Quite cool. Saturday 9 Left for camplife about noon. When we arrived made arrangements for the night. It is my first night in camp. It is not home. Sunday 10. This is the first Sunday I ever spent without the means of grace. I miss the meetings very much. God grant that it may not last long. We have done nothing today but write. Monday 11 I am all alone with the dog at camp and lonesome enough with the prospect of say so all night. I sent a letter to mother today."Item A Short Biography & Diary of Myron Robert Brown (part 3).(UNKNOWN, 1921) Brown, Arthur W."Monday 16 During the night the wind blew and the rain fell but this morning all is right again. After choreing around the barn I hitched up the oxen and went to hauling rocks for the fence which business I followed all day and sure it is that I have done nicer work than that and have seen things that afforded more fun than smashing my fingers with rocks and getting sand in my eyes and then driving oxen is such fun. Tuesday 17 Again I have oxen rocks and sand to contend with as I am still at the same business and my hands are becoming sore from the frequent contacts with solid substances. At three o'clock I turned out the oxen, got a horse and went back and laid up fence till night then hunted up the cows, drove them home, helped milk and do the chores then went to bed. But I forgot I also wrote a letter to Mary in the evening. Wednesday 18 Spent the day building fence and of course enjoyed myself, sticking slivers in my hands and sand in my eyes. Altogether the day has been quite pleasant. In the evening wrote three letters which I hope will afford some fun after awhile."Item Sprouting Wings (part 2).(UNKNOWN, 1930) Lerwill, Leonard"Charles Green, a resident of London, did for balloons what Ford did for automobiles. He made them cheap. It was in 1814 that he discovered coal gas would do equally as well as the more expensive hydrogen. An artist with a pen who made a specialty of forgery and spent most of his life in solitary confinement has saved more aviator's lives than any other man in the history of the world. This man is M. Lavin, a French gentleman, who didn't use his abilities to the best advantage."Item California Coins Were Queer Kettle.(UNKNOWN, 1930) Bailey, H. C.; Latta, Frank F."Moffit & Co. got a permit from the government to coin gold. Their coinage was confined to 10 and 20 cents and were stamped 'Moffit & Co.' We had all kinds of dublooms and smaller South and Central American coins. Of the smaller gold coins the French 20 franc piece led all others. The English guiona was fairly represented. But it passed for only its full value while the other gold passed for more."Item Sprouting Wings.(UNKNOWN, 1930) Lerwill, Leonard"'I wish I could float up like the smoke,' she said as she placed her hand on his arm. 'I would rather fly like the eagle,' he replied without taking his eyes off the bird. That was the beginning of two schools of aeronautics. Eve was the original adherent of the lighter-than-air machine. If she were here today she would be riding in a dirigible. Adam placed himself with the heavier-than-air group. He would welcome Col. Charles Lindbergh as a brother in the fraternity. Because man is an imitator the descendants of Adam and Eve tried to imitate the smoke and the bird. In both instances they have been successful."Item The Digger Indian, His Religion, Superstitions and Burial Rights.(UNKNOWN, 1931) Bailey, H. C.; Latta, Frank F."A white man and Indian were together in unknown regions and for three days and had had nothing to eat. Though they were in game country, no game had been seen. At last the Indian said he was going to make a sacrifice and invoke the Great Spirit. After the ways of his people, he prepared a sweat house, an altar and his offering. When all was prepared he entered and commenced his devotions and at the proper time offered the following prayer. 'Oh, Great Spirit, hear us, thy children, we have gone long without food. The deer and the turkeys are thine. Oh, let us not die. Thou knowest how I love tobacco and how hard for me to get it yet here I offer to thee all I have. Oh, hear us and give us food.' The idea of sacrifice attaches to all Indian theology in some sense. The Sacramento Indian had no religious rites unless their fiestas were in some way a religious affair."Item The Diggers -- What They Lived on and How They Got It.(UNKNOWN, 1931) Bailey, H. C.; Latta, Frank F."The Sacramento Valley was by its natural products an Indian Paradise. In abounded in food supplies. Game and fish and supplies for their domestics were abundant and easy of access. For a house they scooped out the dirt about 18 inches deep in a circular form; made a frame work of logs and poles about three feet high on the outer rim, and eight in the center; cone shaped with a hole at the peak; covered the frame with tule and that with the dirt, with a hole about two by three feet for a door. They were warm, dry and well perfumed, after a way peculiarly their own."